(S) Local officials (V) say (O) (that) (S) the mountain / of refuse (V) collapsed (M) at a dumpsite / in Cebu City / in the central Philippines / on Thursday. 日本語訳: 現地当局によると、木曜日、フィリピン中部のセブ市にあるゴミ集積場でゴミの山が崩落しました。
refuse
発音記号: /ˈrɛ・fjuːs/
フォニックス表記: REF-yooss
英和辞典の定義: ゴミ、廃棄物、くず
英英辞典の定義: matter thrown away or rejected as worthless; trash.
英英辞典の定義: relating to the conditions that affect hygiene and health, especially the supply of sewage systems and clean water.
語源: ラテン語の sanitas（健康）に由来。
★★ 260121 左派のNY新市長マムダニ氏 就任 MAMDANI SWORN IN AS NYC MAYOR, VOWS TO IMPROVE LIVES
MAMDANI SWORN IN AS NYC MAYOR, VOWS TO IMPROVE LIVES
Zohran Mamdani has become the first Muslim mayor of New York City.
At his inauguration ceremony on Thursday, the 34-year-old member of the Democratic Party vowed to improve the lives of city residents.
Mamdani, who was born in Uganda, delivered his speech at City Hall before supporters and politicians.
Many were from the left wing of the Democratic Party, including Senator Bernie Sanders and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.
The new mayor has pledged to help people struggling with high prices by raising taxes on businesses and the wealthy.
But some of his proposals may be difficult to implement, as they would require approval from the state legislature and other bodies.
Observers say rivalry between leftists and moderates within the Democratic Party at the national level is likely to intensify as the party shapes its policy agenda.
They say this could influence the campaign strategies of the Republican and Democratic parties ahead of the midterm elections later this year.
(M) At his inauguration ceremony / on Thursday, (S) the 34-year-old member / of the Democratic Party (V) vowed (O) to improve the lives / of city residents.
英英辞典の定義: the liberal, socialist, or radical section of a political party or system.
Senator
発音記号: /ˈsɛ・nə・tər/
フォニックス表記: SEN-uh-tur
英和辞典の定義: 上院議員
英英辞典の定義: a member of a senate.
語源: ラテン語の senex（老人、年長者）に由来します。
Representative
発音記号: /ˌrɛ・prɪ・ˈzɛn・tə・tɪv/
フォニックス表記: rep-rih-ZEN-tuh-tiv
英和辞典の定義: 下院議員、代表者
英英辞典の定義: a member of a house of representatives.
(S) The new mayor (V) has pledged (O) to help people / (M) (V) struggling (M) with high prices (M) by (V) raising (O) taxes / on businesses and the wealthy.
日本語訳: 新市長は、企業や富裕層への増税を行うことで、物価高に苦しむ人々を助けると約束しました。
pledged
発音記号: /plɛdʒd/
フォニックス表記: plejd
英和辞典の定義: 誓約した、固く約束した
英英辞典の定義: committed by a solemn promise.
(Conj) But (S) some / of his proposals (V) may be (C) difficult (M) to implement, (M) as (S) they (V) would require (O) approval / from the state legislature and other bodies.
英英辞典の定義: put a decision, plan, agreement, etc. into effect.
the state legislature
発音記号: /ðə steɪt ˈlɛ・dʒɪs・ˌleɪ・tʃər/
フォニックス表記: thuh stayt LEJ-is-lay-chur
英和辞典の定義: 州議会
英英辞典の定義: the legislative body of any of the 50 US states.
other bodies
発音記号: /ˈʌ・ðər ˈbɑː・diz/
フォニックス表記: UH-thur BAH-deez
英和辞典の定義: その他の機関、その他の団体
解説: 政治の文脈では、決定権を持つ公的な組織や委員会を指します。
(S) Observers (V) say (O) (that) (S) rivalry / between leftists and moderates / within the Democratic Party / at the national level (V) is (C) likely (M) to intensify / (M) as (S) the party (V) shapes (O) its policy agenda.
英英辞典の定義: a situation in which people or groups compete for the same thing.
leftists
発音記号: /ˈlɛf・tɪsts/
フォニックス表記: LEF-tists
英和辞典の定義: 左翼、左派の人々
moderates
発音記号: /ˈmɑː・də・rəts/
フォニックス表記: MOD-er-uts
英和辞典の定義: 穏健派、中道派の人々
policy agenda
発音記号: /ˈpɑː・lə・si ə・ˈdʒɛn・də/
フォニックス表記: PAHL-ih-see uh-JEN-duh
英和辞典の定義: 政策課題、優先政策項目
(S) They (V) say (O) (that) (S) this (V) could influence (O) the campaign strategies / of the Republican and Democratic parties (M) ahead of the midterm elections / later this year.
President Donald Trump says the U.S. military has captured the president of Venezuela after carrying out a strike against the country.
In a statement on social media early Saturday, Trump said President Nicolas Maduro and his wife had been flown out of the country.
The Venezuelan government issued a statement before Trump’s announcement, saying a series of military and civilian facilities had been hit, and blamed the U.S.
The government said it denounces and rejects the military aggression which is a clear violation of the UN Charter.
Trump has accused the Maduro administration of involvement in drug smuggling into the U.S.
The Trump administration last year carried out several strikes on vessels that it claimed were transporting drugs.
It also seized oil tankers that had left port in Venezuela.
(S) TRUMP (V) (says) (O) (that) (S) VENEZUELAN PRESIDENT MADURO (V) (is/was) CAPTURED
日本語訳: トランプ大統領：ベネズエラのマドゥロ大統領を拘束。
captured
発音記号: /ˈkæp・tʃərd/
フォニックス表記: KAP-churd
英和辞典の定義: 捕らえられた、捕虜になった、攻略された
英英辞典の定義: taken into one’s possession or control by force.
語源: ラテン語の capere（取る、つかむ）に由来します。
解説: ニュースの見出しでは、しばしば be 動詞が省略されます。ここでは (is) captured または (was) captured の形が省略されています。
(S) President Donald Trump (V) says (O) (that) (S) the U.S. military (V) has captured (O) the president of Venezuela (M) after (V) carrying out (O) a strike / against the country.
英英辞典の定義: performing a task; completing a plan or action.
語源: 荷物を「外へ運び出す」ことから転じて、計画などを最後まで「やり遂げる」ことを意味します。
strike
発音記号: /straɪk/
フォニックス表記: stryk
英和辞典の定義: （軍事的な）攻撃、打撃、ストライキ
英英辞典の定義: a sudden attack, typically a military one.
解説: ここでは軍事的な空爆や急襲を指しています。
(M) In a statement / on social media / early Saturday, (S) Trump (V) said (O) (that) (S) President Nicolas Maduro and his wife (V) had been flown (M) out / of the country.
had been: 過去完了、大過去。トランプ氏が「述べた（said）」時点よりも前に、移送が完了していたことを示しています。
flown
発音記号: /floʊn/
フォニックス表記: flohn
英和辞典の定義: （飛行機で）運ばれた、飛ばされた
英英辞典の定義: past participle of fly; moved or transported by air.
解説: had been flown と過去完了の受動態にすることで、トランプ氏が発言した時点ですでに空路による移送が完了していたことを示しています。
(S) The Venezuelan government (V) issued (O) a statement (M) before Trump’s announcement, (V) saying (O) (that) (S) a series of military and civilian facilities (V) had been hit, (Conj) and (V) blamed (O) the U.S.
, saying: 分詞構文。元の文章は and the Venezuelan government said (that)…
had been: 大過去
issued
発音記号: /ˈɪ・ʃuːd/
フォニックス表記: ISH-ood
英和辞典の定義: （声明などを）出した、発行した
英英辞典の定義: formally sent out or made known.
語源: ラテン語の exire（外へ行く）に由来します。
civilian
発音記号: /sə・ˈvɪl・jən/
フォニックス表記: suh-VIL-yun
英和辞典の定義: 民間の、一般市民の
英英辞典の定義: relating to registered citizens who are not members of the armed forces or the police.
語源: ラテン語の civilis（市民の）に由来します。
解説: military facilities（軍事施設）との対比で使われています。
(S) The government (V) said (O) (that) (S) it(the government ) (V) denounces and (V) rejects (O) the military aggression / (M) (S) which (V) is (C) a clear violation / of the UN Charter.
日本語訳: ベネズエラ政府は、国連憲章の明確な違反である軍事侵略を非難し、拒絶すると表明しました。
denounces
発音記号: /dɪ・ˈnaʊn・sɪz/
フォニックス表記: dih-NOUN-siz
英和辞典の定義: （公然と）非難する、責める
英英辞典の定義: publicly declares to be wrong or evil.
語源: ラテン語の denuntiare（発表する、布告する）に由来します。
aggression
発音記号: /ə・ˈɡrɛ・ʃən/
フォニックス表記: uh-GRESH-un
英和辞典の定義: 侵略、攻撃、侵害
英英辞典の定義: feelings of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behaviour; readiness to attack or confront.
語源: ラテン語の aggredi（近づく、攻撃する）に由来します。
violation
発音記号: /ˌvaɪ・ə・ˈleɪ・ʃən/
フォニックス表記: vy-uh-LAY-shun
英和辞典の定義: 違反、侵害
英英辞典の定義: the action of violating someone or something; an instance of this.
語源: ラテン語の violare（乱暴に扱う、汚す）に由来します。
the UN Charter
発音記号: /ðə juːˈɛn ˈtʃɑːr・tər/
フォニックス表記: thuh YOO-EN CHAR-tur
英和辞典の定義: 国連憲章（国際連合憲章）
英英辞典の定義: the foundational treaty of the United Nations, which establishes the organization’s purposes, principles, and structures.
語源: Charter はラテン語の charta（紙、文書）に由来します。王や政府が特定の権利や特権を認める「特許状」や「憲章」を指すようになりました。
(S) Trump (V) has accused (O) the Maduro administration / of involvement / in drug smuggling / into the U.S.
日本語訳: トランプ氏は、マドゥロ政権がアメリカへの麻薬密輸に関与していると非難してきました。
smuggling
発音記号: /ˈsmʌ・ɡlɪŋ/
フォニックス表記: SMUG-ling
英和辞典の定義: 密輸入、密輸出
英英辞典の定義: the illegal movement of goods into or out of a country.
語源: 低地ドイツ語の smuggeln（こっそり運ぶ）に由来します。
解説: accuse A of B（AをBの理由で非難・告訴する）の構文です。
(S) The Trump administration (M) last year (V) carried out (O) several strikes / on vessels / (M) (O) (S)that (they, vessels) (S) it (the Trump administration) (V) claimed (O)(that) (V) were transporting (O) drugs.
日本語訳: トランプ政権は昨年、麻薬を輸送していると主張する船舶に対して数回の攻撃を行いました。
連鎖関係代名詞: もともとの文章は it (the Trump administration) (V) claimed (O) (that) (S) they(the vessels) were transporting (O) drugs.
解説: この文は「連鎖関係代名詞」の構造です。関係代名詞 that は vessels を先行詞とし、かつ were transporting の実質的な主語（S）として機能しています。その間に it claimed（政権が主張した）が割り込むことで、「政権が～であると主張した船舶」という重層的な修飾になっています。
vessels
発音記号: /ˈvɛ・səlz/
フォニックス表記: VES-ulz
英和辞典の定義: 船舶、（液体の）容器、血管
英英辞典の定義: large ships or boats.
語源: ラテン語の vascellum（小さな器）に由来します。
解説: that 以下の関係代名詞節の中に it claimed という挿入的な要素が含まれており、vessels が transporting の意味上の主語になっています。
(S) It (M) also (V) seized (O) oil tankers / (M) (S) that (V) had left (O) port / in Venezuela.
日本語訳: また、ベネズエラの港を出港した石油タンカーを差し押さえました。
had left: 大過去
seized
発音記号: /siːzd/
フォニックス表記: seezd
英和辞典の定義: 差し押さえた、押収した、奪い取った
英英辞典の定義: took hold of suddenly and forcibly.
語源: 中世ラテン語の sacire（所有させる、法的に占有する）に由来します。
解説: 国家権力などが法的に「没収・差し押さえ」をする際によく使われる動詞です。
★★ 260115 米タイム誌“ことしの人”にAI設計者たち TIME PICKS AI LEADERS AS ‘2025 PERSON OF THE YEAR’
TIME PICKS AI LEADERS AS ‘2025 PERSON OF THE YEAR’
TIME has named leading figures in artificial intelligence development as its “2025 Person of the Year.”
The U.S. magazine released a cover image with the title “The Architects of AI” on Thursday.
It features an illustration based on an iconic photograph of New York City in the 1930s.
The image includes eight CEOs of high-tech firms, including OpenAI’s Sam Altman and Nvidia’s Jensen Huang.
TIME says the Trump administration has encouraged AI investments.
The magazine also describes how Trump wields AI in diplomacy, such as using Nvidia’s chips as leverage in trade negotiations with China, and for strengthening ties with the Middle East.
TIME states that “AI emerged as arguably the most consequential tool in great-power competition since the advent of nuclear weapons.”
It mentions improved workplace productivity and convenience, but also some of AI’s negative aspects, such as job losses and addiction to the technology.
この米雑誌は木曜日、「AIの設計者たち（The Architects of AI）」というタイトルの表紙画像を公開しました。それは1930年代のニューヨーク市の象徴的な写真に基づいたイラストを特徴としています。その画像には、オープンAIのサム・アルトマン氏やエヌビディアのジェンスン・フアン氏を含む、ハイテク企業8社のCEOが含まれています。
(S) TIME (V) PICKS (O) AI LEADERS (M) AS ‘2025 PERSON OF THE YEAR’
日本語訳: タイム誌、AIリーダーを「2025年の今年の人」に選出。
Person of the Year
発音記号: /ˈpɜːr・sən əv ðə jɪər/
フォニックス表記: PUR-sun uv thuh yeer
英和辞典の定義: 今年（年間）の人
英英辞典の定義: an annual issue of the United States news magazine Time that features and profiles a person, a group, an idea, or an object that “for better or for worse… has done the most to influence the events of the year”.
(S) TIME (V) says (O) (that) (S) the Trump administration (V) has encouraged (O) AI investments.
日本語訳: タイム誌は、トランプ政権がAIへの投資を奨励してきたと述べています。
administration
発音記号: /əd・ˌmɪ・nɪ・ˈstreɪ・ʃən/
フォニックス表記: ad-min-ih-STRAY-shun
英和辞典の定義: 政権、管理、運営
英英辞典の定義: the officials in the executive branch of a government under a particular chief executive; or the process or activity of running a business, organization, etc.
(S) The magazine (M) also (V) describes (O) how (S) Trump (V) wields (O) AI (M) in diplomacy, (M) such as (V) using (O) Nvidia’s chips (M) as leverage / in trade negotiations / with China, (Conj) and (M) for (V) strengthening (O) ties / with the Middle East.
(S) TIME (V) states (O) that “(S) AI (V) emerged (M) as (M) arguably (C) the most consequential tool / in great-power competition / since the advent / of nuclear weapons.”
(S) It (V) mentions (O) improved workplace productivity and convenience, (Conj) but (M) also (O) some / of AI’s negative aspects, (M) such as job losses and addiction / to the technology.
